Upload-labs(1-15)详解

ly0n

2020-06-17

ctf

upload

靶机包含漏洞类型分类

判断上传漏洞类型的方法

PASS-1

查看源码

function checkFile() {
    var file = document.getElementsByName('upload_file')[0].value;
    if (file == null || file == "") {
        alert("请选择要上传的文件!");
        return false;
    }
    //定义允许上传的文件类型
    var allow_ext = ".jpg|.png|.gif";
    //提取上传文件的类型
    var ext_name = file.substring(file.lastIndexOf("."));
    //判断上传文件类型是否允许上传
    if (allow_ext.indexOf(ext_name + "|") == -1) {
        var errMsg = "该文件不允许上传，请上传" + allow_ext + "类型的文件,当前文件类型为：" + ext_name;
        alert(errMsg);
        return false;
    }
}

发现前端js对文件后缀做了限制，所以我们可以通过burp抓包修改文件后缀来绕过。

可以看到修改完之后，返回的就是文件所在的位置，然后访问。

PASS-2

尝试着出上传一下.php的文件

看到提示为文件类型不正确，想着肯定是对类型进行了判断

绕过思路

上传.php的文件

通过burp抓包，修改文件类型为image/jpeg、image/png、image/gif

再发包成功上传

成功上传！访问得到phpinfo()页面

这里我们看一下他的源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        if (($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/jpeg') || ($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/png') || ($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/gif')) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];  //对文件类型进行判断的地方
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . '/' . $_FILES['upload_file']['name']            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！'; 
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '文件类型不正确，请重新上传！'; //文件类型不正确时返回
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH.'文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

和我猜想的后台代码几乎一致！

PASS-3

看到题目之后还是尝试着去上传下php的文件，得到了如下的提示

于是可以猜想出后台的关键代码

1	$back_list = array('.asp','.aspx','.php','.jsp');

想到这也就知道是绕过方法中的黑名单绕过了，上面的不让上传，想到了可以上传.php5的文件，除了这个还有.phtml.phps .pht 但是要想上传后能执行，要在自己的apache的httpd.conf文件写入

1	AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .phps .php5 .pht

我做的时候是用的.php5传入一句话马

然后菜刀链接上去

再来看下他的源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array('.asp','.aspx','.php','.jsp'); //back_list 设置黑名单不让限制上传
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if(!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                 $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '不允许上传.asp,.aspx,.php,.jsp后缀文件！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

PASS-4

这次在做的时候几乎将所有可能的后缀都尝试了个遍，都是不允许上传，抱着总不能全给禁了的想法查看了源代码，结果比我想得禁的还要多。源码如下

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2","php1",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2","pHp1",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf")
        //几乎所有的后缀名都给禁了
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

看了会，发现好像还有一个.hatccess可以用。

但是这个后缀名使用的前提是我们要在apache的httpd.conf中将LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so打开还有AllowOverride All

首先我们要上传一个.hatccess的文件

1	SetHandler application/x-httpd-php

这样一来，所有文件都会被当成php来解析

然后在上传任意文件格式的一句话。

即可执行phpinfo()

PASS-5

直接上源码吧

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到，相比上一关来说，这一关过滤的少了点，但是过滤的还是挺多的，这关竟然将.hatccess给过滤了😂

然后我就尝试了一下.Php后缀，结果。。。。。!上传成功了，哈哈哈，看来这一关是考的大小写绕过。

然后菜刀连接,成功getshell

PASS-6

源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = $_FILES['upload_file']['name'];
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件不允许上传';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

看了好大会，感觉和前两个也没什么不同，但是将所有的后缀都给过滤了，仔细看了看，发现这个题目没有对后缀名末尾做去空处理。

也就是说这道题目的考点是空格绕过

成功执行phpinfo

PASS-7

源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

这一题比前面三题来说，将所有改过滤的都过滤了，这下要想想其他的绕过方法了

没有对后缀名末尾的点进行处理，利用windows特性，会自动去掉后缀名中最后的”.”，可在后缀名中加”.”绕过，这题的考点是.绕过

成功绕过!

PASS-8

源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

看下这个题目，又将文件名末尾的点给删除了，在看看和上一个代码的差别，但是我们可以看到这个代码没有了::$DATA

1	$file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA

也就是没了这一句，那我们把这个加到后面不就可以过滤了吗

成功绕过！考察知识点DATA绕过。

PASS-9

看源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

这次可狠了，前面所有可以利用的都给过滤了，分析下代码，先将首尾去空，又去除了::$DATA又转换为小写，再删去末尾的点。这样一来我们构造文件名，使其经过过滤后得到的还是php的文件名不就行了，所以就1.php. . 就可以绕过，也就是点+空格+点+空格绕过

PASS-10

源码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array("php","php5","php4","php3","php2","html","htm","phtml","pht","jsp","jspa","jspx","jsw","jsv","jspf","jtml","asp","aspx","asa","asax","ascx","ashx","asmx","cer","swf","htaccess");

        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = str_ireplace($deny_ext,"", $file_name);
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;        
        if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = '上传出错！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到代码中有这么一句代码

1	$file_name = str_ireplace($deny_ext,"", $file_name);

将黑名单中的后缀名替换为空，而且只替换一次，所以我们可以利用双写来绕过

成功绕过！

PASS-11

源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $ext_arr = array('jpg','png','gif');
    $file_ext = substr($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],strrpos($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],".")+1);
    if(in_array($file_ext,$ext_arr)){
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = $_GET['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;

        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = '上传出错！';
        }
    } else{
        $msg = "只允许上传.jpg|.png|.gif类型文件！";
    }
}

这次没了黑名单我感觉会是白名单绕过，审计审计代码，看到了

1	$img_path = $_GET['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;

这就很明了了，白名单判断，但是$img_path这个变量直接是拼接的，所以我们可以使用%00截断绕过。

但是我试了很多次，都没成功，后来百度发现，%00截断的条件是

php版本要小于5.3.4

修改php.ini的magic_quotes_gpc为OFF状态

可以看到成功绕过，执行了phpinfo()

PASS-12

源码

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $ext_arr = array('jpg','png','gif');
    $file_ext = substr($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],strrpos($_FILES['upload_file']['name'],".")+1);
    if(in_array($file_ext,$ext_arr)){
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = $_POST['save_path']."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;

        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传失败";
        }
    } else {
        $msg = "只允许上传.jpg|.png|.gif类型文件！";
    }
}

大致看了一下代码发现和上一题没什么太大的不同，就是save_path用POST方式传参，应该也是00截断,但是不会像GET方式那样会对%00进行解码。

解题思路就是 $img_path直接拼接，save_path post传参，由于无法自行解码所以我们需要在hex中找到相对应的位置将数字修改为00.

成功绕过！

PASS-13

源码

function getReailFileType($filename){
    $file = fopen($filename, "rb");
    $bin = fread($file, 2); //只读2字节
    fclose($file);
    $strInfo = @unpack("C2chars", $bin);    
    $typeCode = intval($strInfo['chars1'].$strInfo['chars2']);    
    $fileType = '';    
    switch($typeCode){      
        case 255216:            
            $fileType = 'jpg';
            break;
        case 13780:            
            $fileType = 'png';
            break;        
        case 7173:            
            $fileType = 'gif';
            break;
        default:            
            $fileType = 'unknown';
        }    
        return $fileType;
}

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $file_type = getReailFileType($temp_file);

    if($file_type == 'unknown'){
        $msg = "文件未知，上传失败！";
    }else{
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_type;
        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错！";
        }
    }
}

审计代码可以得知，通过读取两个字节来确定文件类型，所以直接制作图片马即可

shell.jpg

GIF89a
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

然后上传，但是直接访问并不能将gif当作php来解析,因此还需要利用文件包含漏洞

写一个include.php传入，再利用它来解析图片

##include.php
<?php
/*
本页面存在文件包含漏洞，用于测试图片马是否能正常运行！
*/
header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8");
$file = $_GET['file'];
if(isset($file)){
    include $file;
}else{
    show_source(__file__);
}
?>

再结合文件包含解析利用

1	upload/include.php?file=upload/图片名称

PASS-14

源码

function isImage($filename){
    $types = '.jpeg|.png|.gif';
    if(file_exists($filename)){
        $info = getimagesize($filename);
        $ext = image_type_to_extension($info[2]);
        if(stripos($types,$ext)>=0){
            return $ext;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }else{
        return false;
    }
}

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $res = isImage($temp_file);
    if(!$res){
        $msg = "文件未知，上传失败！";
    }else{
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").$res;
        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错！";
        }
    }
}

这题是用getimagesize函数判断文件类型，还是可以图片马绕过，方法同pass-13

在图片码中加入gif的文件头，然后利用文件包含来读取

jpg,png同13

PASS-15

源码

function isImage($filename){
    //需要开启php_exif模块
    $image_type = exif_imagetype($filename);
    switch ($image_type) {
        case IMAGETYPE_GIF:
            return "gif";
            break;
        case IMAGETYPE_JPEG:
            return "jpg";
            break;
        case IMAGETYPE_PNG:
            return "png";
            break;    
        default:
            return false;
            break;
    }
}

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST['submit'])){
    $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
    $res = isImage($temp_file);
    if(!$res){
        $msg = "文件未知，上传失败！";
    }else{
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$res;
        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = "上传出错！";
        }
    }
}

看到了exif_imagetype,利用php_exif来判断文件类型,用图片马绕过，方法同PASS-13

先到这里吧！

这都是一些简单的文件上传漏洞，希望师傅们在做的时候，先自己尝试着去做，不能看着别人的writeup来做题，那样的话成长会很慢！